The aim of this study is investigation of the relationship between fear of success (FOS) and achievement motivation among successful and UNSUCCESSFUL ATHLETES in Azarbaijan -Gharbi Province. The subjects of study were 200 ATHLETES, divided into two groups of men and women: 100 successful ATHLETES, successful in gaining medals in interior and international official competitions and 100 UNSUCCESSFUL ATHLETES, UNSUCCESSFUL in gaining medals. Instruments of the study were Gill and Deter's sport (1998) orientation scale (SOQ) and Zukerman's fear of success questionnaire (FOSS, 1976). For analyzing data, Pearsoon Correlation and t-test (a=.05) were used. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between FOS and achievement motivation in both of the successful (p=0.001, r=-0.57) and UNSUCCESSFUL athlets (P=0.001, r=-0.52). Also it was found that in the case of achievement motivation (P=0.001, t=20.13) and FOS (P=0.001, t=15.02) there is a significance difference between the two groups. No significant difference was found between male and female ATHLETES for FOS (P=0.883, t=0.147). Generally, regular physical activity together with decreased fear of success, leads to higher achievement improvement.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and achievement motivation among successful and UNSUCCESSFUL ATHLETES in West Azerbaijan Province.Methods: Two-hundred ATHLETES were divided into two groups of successful ATHLETES (n=100, 50 males and 50 females) and UNSUCCESSFUL ATHLETES (n=100, 50 males and 50 females) while the term «successful» means that the subject has win medals at national and international official competitions and «UNSUCCESSFUL» means he/she has not been able to do so. Gill and Deter's sport orientation scale (SOQ) (1998) and revised self-esteem questionnaire (Cupper-Smith, 1968) were the assessment instruments used in this study. Pearson Correlation and t-test (α<0.05) were applied for the statistical analysis of data.Results: The results showed that there is a significant correlation between self-esteem and achievement motivation in both studied groups. Moreover, successful and UNSUCCESSFUL ATHLETES significantly differed in terms of self-esteem and achievement motivation so that self-esteem and achievement motivation were significantly higher in successful ATHLETES compared to UNSUCCESSFUL ATHLETES.Conclusion: It seems that ATHLETES’ beliefs interfere with their performance. Therefore equal attention must be paid to fitness and sport skills and motivational variables through appropriate physical education and providing conditions in which ATHLETES feel competence and motivation and experience success. Coaches are advised to provide timely feedback, necessary support and constructive criticism in order to give their students the opportunity to be aware of their capabilities and increase their achievement motivation accordingly.

The aim of this study was to compare self-efficacy and its consequences in ATHLETES with successful, UNSUCCESSFUL and inexperienced experience in a sporting event. The statistical population of the study consisted of women police officers who regularly participated in sports activities and three groups of 25 people were compared with each other: G1. Experienced and succeeded in sporting a police skill competition sport event; G2, experienced this event, but did not succeed; The G3 did not experience the event and only had relatively complete information about the tournament. In terms of other characteristics, there was the highest similarity (age, education and degree) between these three groups. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha 0.83) and analyzed by SPSS software and Kruskal-Wallis test. The study showed that there is a significant difference between the three groups of inexperienced, successful and UNSUCCESSFUL ATHLETES in terms of self-efficacy and the two consequences of "self-expectation" and "goal management" and in all these variables, the average of experienced people Successful more than people with UNSUCCESSFUL experience and this group is more than people without experience. Therefore, experiencing a sporting event, even if it is not successful, can enhance self-efficacy and its consequences more than avoiding the experience.

According to numerous studies in sport psychology, it is proved that optimal athletic performance relates to many psychological factors and personality and psychological characteristics influence athletic development. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare mindfulness, emotional intelligence and mental toughness in successful and UNSUCCESSFUL karate ATHLETES in Iran men’ s karate super league. This research was casualcomparative and the population consisted of Iran men’ s karate super league in Kumite section in 2015. Primary data were collected by convenience sampling method from 70 ATHLETES of all participating teams-especially two high ranking teams and three low ranking teams-in karate super league. After the data of the number of competitions and their results for each athlete were collected, the optimal performance of karate ATHLETES was calculated and two successful and UNSUCCESSFUL karate ATHLETES groups were determined (each group 30 subjects). The form of content, the demographic questionnaire, Sport Mindfulness Scale, Schutte Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and Mental Toughness Questionnaire (48 items) were used. The normal distribution of data in both groups were examined using the K-S and Shapiro-Wilk tests. The results of independent t test showed that the difference in mindfulness was not statistically significant between successful and UNSUCCESSFUL karate ATHLETES, but the emotional intelligence and mental toughness between successful and UNSUCCESSFUL ATHLETES were significantly different. Overall, it can be stated that a major part of these findings emphasize the role of the psychological characteristics in the sport performance and success of the two groups of elite karate ATHLETES who have the highest rank in Asia and world karate.

Letter to The Editor: Oral diazoxide therapy is used to treat hypoglycemia, and this treatment is usually well tolerated. Nonetheless, rashes and/or hematological reactions (i. e., thrombocytopenia) have been reported after intravenous or oral diazoxide treatment in literature. 1 In particular, the possibility of such adverse effects has most frequently been related to repeated exposure, as in continued oral therapy. We herein describe the first case of both delayed and immediate skin reactions to diazoxide in a child affected by nesidioblastosis.....

This paper describes an architectural model to facilitate multiversion objects that are explicitly designed to enhance concurrency. The reader should be aware that version management has been used in the object literature in several ways, most commonly dealing with design issues. Our goal here is related to concurrency control and reliability, so care must be taken to ensure the reader is not misled by this overloading of terminology found in the literature. Within the context of concurrency the key aspects addressed by this paper are: 1) An architectural model is developed to support multiversioning that provides the well-known ACID transaction properties; 2) An optimistic concurrency control algorithm that functions on this architecture is described and demonstrated to be correct with respect to a correctness criterion; 3) The algorithm is enhanced to examine the history of past versions with the goal of inserting a committing transaction at a time earlier in the sequence when it would have been valid if other, later transactions had not been completed before this one attempted to commit; and 4) Based on static analysis information, other algorithms are developed to optimize the compiler in order to generate reconciliation procedures automatically from the initial transaction specification.

This Study aimed at describing and identifying some variables related to successful and un successful suicide attempts in Ilam, 1997.266 committers were studied through questionnaires. The findings implied that 195 people out of all had had UNSUCCESSFUL attempts, while 71 ones managed in killing themselves. of all the case population, %64 were female and %36 were male with an average age of 25. Among the suicide committers, %53 were single and %67 were citizens with an educational status of baccelorate and above. Those graduated from high-school stood at a statistical place of %28 of all. Concerning the causes of the attempts, the most responsibility went for family problems in the first place and psychological & mental problems in the second. There was significant relation between the educational level and suicidal attempts at deviation level of %5, (P=0.04). Of all the 71 cases culminated in death, 53 ones (%75) died due to burning. the most prevalent way of committing suicide went for successful and UNSUCCESSFUL use of drugs (%44).